British architecture

yard 
 

XII. Answer the questions:

1. What can you say about Anglo-Saxon architecture?
2. What can you say about Anglo-Norman architecture?
3. What can you say about Gothic architecture?
4. What can you say about the Early English style?
5. What can you say about Decorated style?
6. What can you say about Perpendicular style?
7. What can you say about Tudor architecture?
8. What can you say about the Frenchman William of Sens?
9. What can you say about Salisbury Cathedral?
10. What can you say about Compton Wynyates in Warwickshire?

 
 

XIII. Match the beginning and the end of the sentences:

 
 

XIV. Speak about:

1. Roman and Anglo-Saxon architecture

invade England

remain

the Roman years

the Dark ages

tiny windows

testify of

a simple style

be characterised by

1. Gothic architecture

predominate

pointed arches

soaring lines

height

be typified by

1. Early English style

appear

by inspired by

the choir

narrow pointed windows

the most complete example 
 

XV. Translate the sentences:

1. Отличительной чертой английской готики XIV века является широкое стрельчатое окно в верхней части стелы, украшенной каменной резьбой.

2. Англосаксонская архитектура является простым стилем, характеризующимся маленькими, глубоко посажеными окнами, круглыми арками и чередующимся длинными и короткими угловыми камнями.

3. После своего завоевания Англии в 1066 году норманны построили романские соборы, производящие большое впечатление.
4. Ранний английский стиль появился около 1150 года и был, вероятно, вдохновлен французской архитектурой.
5. Он был построен не как замок, а как дом.
6. Нормандский стиль отводил важное место массивным столбам, круглым аркам и толстым стенам, которые обычно поддерживали деревянные крыши.
7. В готическом стиле господствуют остроконечные арки, возвышающиеся линии и высота.
8. Собор Солсбери является самым точным примером ранней английской архитектуры.

 

Unit 3

      I. Read the words: 

 
 

II. Answer the questions:

1. Are you interested in architecture ?
2. What architectural styles have you heard or read about ?
3. Can you define them ?
4. What architectural monuments in Great Britain do you know ?

 
 

III. Read the text:

Part Two

Renaissance architecture

Although the Gothic style may not have originated in England in its English version it became so completely English from the 12^th through the 15^th century that it did not readily yield in the 16^th century to the foreign style of the Renaissance. Nevertheless, Henry VIII, like his French rival François I, admired the sophistication of the Italian Renaissance and did his best to induce Italian artists to come to England. In Cardinal Wolsey's palace, Hampton Court, both structure and design are fundamentally Gothic, but on either side of the court doorway Giovanni da Majano inserted terracotta roundels with busts of Roman emperors.

Elizabethan architecture

This style is found in many large houses built in the second half of the 16^th century, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. It is characterized by large, square windows, classical towers and turrets, and elaborate plasterwork in ceilings as well as the use of oak-panelling.

Jacobean architecture

This style was perhaps used more widely. The ornamentation of the smaller houses is less heavy and less vigorous than that of its predecessors.

During the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods significant changes took place in the house. Houses were designed with wings on either end of a central block and also with a shorter protrusion in the center. The plan, shaped like an E is often said to be a compliment to Elizabeth I.

One of the most famous architects of that time was Inigo Jones (1573 - 1652). He designed the Queen House became the first great English architect to design Renaissance - Classical buildings.

Baroque architecture

This style is notable for its dignity and elegance. In Britain it is connected with the name of Sir Christopher Wren (1632 - 1723). This genius, a distinguished astronomer and member of the Royal Society, was appointed Royal architect. A few of his larger works are the buildings at Greenwich Hospital, Chelsea Hospital, extensive additions to Hampton Court Palace and the Sheldonian Theatre and the library of Queen's College at Oxford. He designed more than 50 churches to replace those that had been burned down during the Great Fire. Wren's masterpiece is, of course, St. Paul's Cathedral, recognisable by its huge dome. 

Georgian architecture

This style, named after the English kings who ruled during the 18^th century, succeeded Baroque. The main features of the style were restraint and a special regard for symmetry. Among the examples of Georgian architecture are Trafalgar Square by James Gibbs, Regent's Park and houses in Regent Street, London, by John Nash.

Victorian architecture

This period was named after the English queen Victoria, who rules from 1837 to 1901. A great variety of styles were used during this period, most notably that of the Gothic Revival, Churches, country houses, railway stations, university buildings were all designed in elaborate Gothic. The same may be said about the Houses of Parliament designed by Sir Charles Barry and Augustus Welby N. Pugin. This is the period of construction of the Bank of England (John Soane), the British Museum (Robert Smirke), the Red House at Bexley Heath (Philip Webb). Different architectural styles beginning from Roman and Greek to modern architecture as far as the purpose and materials are concerned can be clearly seen in these buildings.

20^th century architecture

Until about 1920, the dominant style in public building was “Imperial” - elaborate and rather old-fashioned. It provided simpler private houses and town planning in the “garden-city” style Coventry Cathedral (sir Basil Spence) and the Roman Catholic Cathedral in Liverpool (Sir Frederick Gibberd) are among the fen religious buildings of our time.

IV. Find the derivatives of the words:

build fundamental George

fashion character construct

religion wide begin

through signify clear

complete architect rare

ready note

V. Translate the phrases and words into Russian:

may not have originated in, did not readily yield to, to induce somebody to do something, terracotta roundels,  classical towers and turrets, elaborate plaster work, the plan, shaped like an E, restraint and special regard for symmetry, most notably.

VI. Give the English equivalents.

1. преобладающий стиль в общественных зданиях;
2. стиль “город-сад”;
3. классические здания в стиле Ренессанса;
4. усовершенствованный готический стиль;
5. период строительства;
6. большое разнообразие стилей;
7. основные черты стиля;
8. стиль примечателен своим достоинством и элегантностью.

 

VII. Say that you know (have read, have heard) it too:

1. I know that Jacobean architecture was used more widely.
2. I've read that during the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods significant changes took place in the house.
3. I've heard that one of the most famous architects of Jacobean architecture was Inigo Jones.
4. I know that Inigo Jones became the first great English architect to design Renaissance classical buildings.
5. I've read that Baroque architecture is notable for its dignity and elegance.
6. I've heard that in Britain Baroque architecture is connected with the name of Sir Christopher Wren.
7. I know that Sir Christopher Wren designed more than 50 churches to replace those that had been burnt down during the Great Fire.
8. I've read that Georgian architecture succeeded Baroque.

 

VIII. Agree or disagree.

1. Henry VIII didn't admire the sophistication of the Italian Renaissance.
2. Henry VIII did his best to induce Italian artists to come to England.
3. During the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods significant changes took place in the house.
4. Baroque architecture is notable for its dignity and elegance.
5. The Houses of Parliament were designed by Sir Christopher Wren.
6. Elizabethan style is founded in many large houses built in the second part of the 16^th century.
7. Jacobean architecture is characterised by simple design.
8. The ornamentation of the houses in Jacobean architecture is very heavy and vigorous.
9. St. Paul's Cathedral is the masterpiece of John Nash.

 

IX. How many sentences can you make about the British architecture.

Первый столбик

Baroque architecture

Georgian architecture

Victorian architecture

Until about 1920 the dominant style in public building

Coventry Cathedral and the Roman Catholic Cathedral in Liverpool

Christopher Wren designed more than 50 churches to replace those that

Elizabethan architecture

The ornamentation of the smaller houses

The plan shaped like an E 

Второй столбик is   was   are   had been 

Третий столбик 

notable for its dignity and elegance. 

connected with the name of Sir Christopher Wren.

named after the English kings who rules during the 18^th century.

“Imperial” elaborate and rather old-fashioned.

burnt down during the Great Fire. 

characterised by large windows and classical towers and turrets.

found in many large houses built in the second half of the 16^th century.

less heavy and less vigorous than that of its predecessors.

often said to be a compliment to Elizabeth I. 

X. Ask your classmates:

1. if Inigo Jones became the first great English architect to design Renaissance classical buildings;
2. what Henry VIII admired;
3. where Elizabethan architecture is found;
4. what Inigo Jones designed;
5. if Baroque architecture is connected with the name of Sir Christopher Wren;
6. what Sir Christopher Wren's masterpiece is;
7. if Georgian architecture succeeded Baroque;
8. what dominant style in public building was until about 1920;

 

XI. Answer the questions:

1. What is Elizabethan architecture characterised by?
2. Who became the first great English architect to design Renaissance classical buildings?
3. What style in Britain is connected with the name of Sir Christopher Wren?
4. Baroque architecture is notable for its dignity and elegance, isn't it?
5. Did Henry VIII do his best to induce Italian artists to come to England?
6. Whom was Victorian architecture named after?
7. What can be clearly seen in the buildings of Victorian architecture?

 

XII. Read the text and fill in the table.