Geographical structure of foreign trade

Geographical structure of foreign trade

Russian trade with far abroad countries rose in 2010 by 34% - to $ 628.5 billion trade turnover between Russia and the CIS countries increased in 2010 by 29% to $ 106.5 billion 
The country structure of foreign trade of Russia the European Union occupies a special place as the biggest economic partner of the country. The share of the European Union in2010 accounted for 52% of Russia's trade turnover (in 2007- 51.3%). In the CIS countries in 2008 accounted for 14.5% of Russia's trade turnover (in 2007 - 15%), the Eurasian Economic Community countries - 8.2% (8.7%), the APEC countries - 20.4% (19.3% .) 
The main trade partners of Russia in 2008 among the far abroad countries were Germany, the trade which reached $67.3 billion, the Netherlands - $ 61.8 billion, China - $ 55.9 billion, Italy - $ 52.9 billion, Turkey - $ 33.8 billion Japan - $ 29 billion in U.S. - $ 27.3 billion, Poland - $ 27.2 billion, United Kingdom - $ 22.5 billion, Finland - $ 22.4 billion

CIS

Since 2000 there is an expansion of trade. During 2000-2005 years He has doubled - to 51.2 billion dollars, with Belarus by 170% to $ 15.8 billion, however, the growth ofRussia's trade with non-CIS countries was higher by 2.6 times. As a result, the share of CIS countries in total trade turnover of Russia during this period decreased to 15.1%,with the EEC to 7.8%, Russia and Belarus - to 4.6%. 
This unfavorable trend has moved into the current five-year period: the first nine months of 2006 the share of CIS countries in Russia's foreign trade declined to 14.9% at a constant level and remained in the share of trade with theEEC and Belarus. The share of CIS countries, by contrast,has increased.

Germany

One of the major partners of Russia in favor of Germany.Between Russia and Germany, there are long-term, large-scale and mutually beneficial trade and economic relationsand political relations characterized by stability. The share of Germany has 9.4% of Russian exports to foreign countriesand about 11.8% of imports. Russia and Germany, a largenumber of joint ventures.

Germany - the leading provider in Russia, modern technology and equipment, consumer goods, the largestcreditor. In turn, Russia is for Germany one of the majorenergy suppliers and a variety of goods needed for the German economy.

UK

The magnitude of Russia's trade with the countries of  Western Europe, Great Britain takes the 4th place, behind Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. 
The structure of exports to the United Kingdom dominated commodities, the increase in supply, which was achieved at the expense of crude oil and petroleum products, as well as diamonds. In the last period has been an increase of supply of non-ferrous metals (copper, aluminum, nickel, magnesium), supplies of tin, cobalt, zirconium and titanium.

At the same time in recent years, almost stopped the Britishsupply of integrated equipment to Russia. 
From the British business community has increased interest in the Russian high-tech development enterprises of the military-industrial complex, as in the military and in civilianareas.

France 
Russia expanded its delivery to France, oil, gas, petroleum products, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemical products,forest products industry. 
In Russia, the share of imports of industrial equipment andconsumer goods, purchased food.

Central Europe 
An important area of ​​foreign policy of Russia and the European region are the countries of Central Europe. 
In recent years, trade between Russia and Poland experiencing a period of expansion, mainly due to exports to this country energy and imports in significant quantities of food. 
Second place in the trade and economic relations is the Czech Republic. 
The peculiarity of the position of Slovakia is a high degree of orientation for the development of trade with Russia, but countries such as Bulgaria and Romania played a modest role in the turnover of Russia. 
High levels of Russian exports are the result of increasing the volume of export of energy resources, as well as iron ore, ferrous metals and other commodities, including machinery and equipment. 
In the import of products from these countries account for the largest share to the group of food products 
In the import of chemical products is dominated by a high degree of processing of products - medicines, perfumes, cosmetics, plastics, etc. In the commodity structure of imports appeared again disappeared in the early 90's traditional positions: the court of Poland, bauxite from Hungary.

China 
Despite the difficulties of economic and trade ties with Chinaare developing most rapidly. 
Russian exports to China include aircraft, automobiles,agricultural machinery, mining and oil refining equipment,textiles, chemical products, rolled steel, wood, etc. The main items of Russian exports to China are fertilizers and ferrous metals, accounting for more than 50% of total Russian exports.

Goods Structure

EXPORT

Russia exports mainly hydrocarbon raw materials (oil, gas, coal), petroleum products, metallurgical products, machinery and equipment, weapons, chemical fertilizers,wheat. The largest triple product exports in January-November 2010: Crude Oil - 33% (total exports), petroleum products - 17.7%, natural gas - 10.9%. 

In 2009 Russia exported machinery and equipment by $17.9 billion, including to countries outside the CIS countries - $ 11.8 billion to the CIS countries - $ 6.1 billion.

From 1999 to 2009 the total exports of machinery and equipmentfrom Russia increased 2.3 times, their exports to countries outside the CIS - 2.0 times, the CIS countries - by 3.2 times. 

Russian exports of transport services in 2007 totaled $11.8 billion. 
Russia's exports in 2008 totaled $ 468.1 billion and in comparison with 2007 increased by 33%. Imports to Russia in 2008 increased in comparison with 2007 by 33.6% to $ 266.9 billion. 
The largest importer of goods from Russia - the Netherlands ($ 36.3 billion in 2009). 

IMPORT

Imports to Russia in 2008 increased in comparison with 2007 by 33.6% to $ 266.9 billion 
The largest importer of goods to Russia - Germany ($ 21.2 billion in 2009 [2]). 
Electricity imports to Russia dropped from 12.2 billion kWh in 2004 to 3.1 billion kWh in 2009. [45] 
[Edit] Food and tobacco products 
In 2000-2002, the volume of imports of food products in Russia exceeded the volume of their exports from Russia.A similar situation was observed in almost all European countries except France, Sweden and Germany [46]. 
Since 2006, the absolute volume of imports of poultry meat to Russia almost always reduced: from 1.33 million tons in 2005 to 0.99 million tons in 2009. [45] [47] The share of imported products on the Russian market of poultry meat decreased from 65% in 1997 to 28% in 2009. [47] 
Grain imports declined from 6.9 million tons in 1999 to 429 thousand tons in 2009. [45] 
Imports of wheat has fallen from 2.6 million tons in 2000 to 95 tons in 2009. [45] 
Imports of barley fell from 635 thousand tons in 2000 to 30 tons in 2009. [45] 
Imports of corn decreased from 702 thousand tons in 2000 to 38 tons in 2009. [45] 
Imports of sunflower oil increased from 76 thousand tons in 1994 to 301 thousand tons in 1999 and then declined to 43 thousand tons in 2009. [45] 
Import of raw sugar fell from 4.5 million tons in 2000 to 1.3 million tons in 2009. [45] 
Imports of white sugar fell from 467 thousand tons in 2000 to 259 thousand tons in 2009. [45]