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Another information about personality identification I have found in my course book. It was an extract from the book: “Chocolate Therapy” written by New Zealand psychotherapist Murray Langham. He can tell someone’s character by the shape of chocolate he or she chooses. Murray says if you choose round chocolate – you are sociable, a square one – you are honest and reliable. If you are fond of oval chocolate then you are creative person, spiral form is preferred by dynamic person and rectangular by sympathetic one and a good listener. Materialistic and interested in money people like diamond- shaped but insensitive will choose triangular. Graphology is the science of handwriting analysis. It is widely used in France, great Britain and the other countries by employers as one of tools to assess job applicants. Nowadays in many other countries social psychologists check the character of applicants for a definite kind of job or occupation in films. Their work is considered to be very important. Traits of character help some people to become genius, exceptionally talented, become famous in different fields of activities.

17.Education in Great Britain

In England and Wales, 93% of and 7% are private schools, confusingly, some private independent schools are called ‘public’ schools! The most famous is probably Eton. Scotland has its own education system. Education is compulsory from five to sixteen years of age. There are three main stages: primary (years 1-6): secondary (years 7-11); and optional ‘sixth form’ . State secondary schools are mainly ‘ comprehensive’ schools, which means pupils don’t have to pass a special exam to go there. In some areas, though, local authorities operate a ‘ selective’ system.

England and Wales have a national curriculum and pupils have to study core subjects like maths, English and science. At fourteen, students can study optional subjects. At sixteen, pupils specialize and choose three or four subjects.

Pupils do tests in core subjects from the age of seven. At sixteen, they do exams called GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) in a variety of subjects.

About 40% of pupils go on to higher education. Virtually all British universities are public and each university demands certain ‘A’ level grades. The government only gives a few grants so most students borrow money from a bank which they have to pay back when they leave university.

The setting up of a national curriculum has probably raised standards in most areas but some people say that there is too much testing. Pupils have to do an average of 87 official tests during their time at school! 

18.Education in the USA

In the US, 90% of schools are free state schools. Most of the private schools were set up by religious groups. There is no national system but most states have compulsory education from five to sixteen. There are twelve ‘grades’; elementary school (1^st – 8^th grade); high school (9^th- 12^th grade) There is no national curriculum but it most states, core subjects are compulsory. Students can also choose options or ‘electives’. Some of the most popular of these are performing arts, cooking and driver’s education.

Most schools have exams after each of the higher grades. Then, after 12^th grade, pupils take exams to get their high school diploma.

Over 60% of students go on to higher education; two-year colleges and universities for academic degrees. State universities are run by the individual state and charge quite low tuition fees. There are also private universities. The most prestigious and expensive are Harvard, Yale and Princeton.

In the 1980s, US students were getting low scores in reading, writing and basic maths. Since then, scores have improved but are still lower than in many other developed countries. The situation has improved with me use of ID cards, cameras and metal detectors to stop pupils bringing guns to class. 

19. Advertising

It is obvious that its splash of development the advertisement have got mostly owing to the greatest technological breakthrough of the passing century, like the invention of the television, radio, computer etc. Today, advertising goes far beyond television and hoardings, newspapers and magazines. For example, the manager of the clothing store is advertising by putting models wearing the store’s clothes, a bicycle manufacturer will proceed a new price-list through post to his retailers, but a world wide company will use the Internet to promote its product globally.

Generally speaking, there are a lot of means to make products popular, but it is evident, that the businesses need to advertise; otherwise no-one would learn of the existence of their wares or services. In part, advertising is aimed at conveying necessary information to customers and clients, but it is also used to persuade the public to buy Your product or service. The mastery of performing both of these tasks is called the art of advertising and it requires a basic understanding of psychology, the needs of human beings and how they can be satisfied. And this often becomes the area in which advertising is criticized, because of misleading and false advertisements. Although, to make untrue statements about goods, services or prices is prohibited by the law and ethics of advertising. But advertisers need to create a demand and to raise sales. That is why they are ready to use any innovation to meet their objectives. For instance, by using certain frequencies of TV signals, the viewers’ subconscious can be greatly influenced or even programmed to desired actions.  

20. Sport

Sport helps people to stay in good shape, keeps them fit, healthy and makes them more organized and disciplined in their daily activities. Thousands of people go to the stadiums to support their favorite sportsmen and even more people prefer to watch the games on TV. But watching sport events and going in for sport are two different things.

In fact I was into variety kinds of sports. When I was 8 years old, I took up a ball dances. It is very beautiful and graceful dance. Then after that I went to East dances. The East dance is one of the popular kind of sport, and only women dance it. In 2006 I began to go to the swimming pool. Owing to this sport I had learned to swim. Moreover I became to dance hip hop style the last year. Now I spend a lot of time on the tennis court. It is really rich sport, great number of people play and watch tennis. Tennis tournament at Wimbledon is known all over the world. I think every of us must go in for sports.    

21.My native city

I want to tell to you a little about my native city. I was born in Almaty - and I am very happy. At us the good climate, is a lot of sights, entertainments. Almaty (formerly known as Alma-Ata, also Verniy) is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of 2,120,000 (as of 1 September 2007), which represents 12% of the population of the country. It was the capital of Kazakhstan (and its predecessor, the Kazakh SSR) from 1929 to 1998. Despite losing its status as the capital, Almaty remains the major commercial center of Kazakhstan.

The name "Almaty" means "rich with apple"; the olderSoviet-era Russian version of its name, Alma-Ata, originates from a mistake (literally means "Grandfather-apple"). In the surrounding region, there is a great genetic diversity among the wild apples; the region is in fact in the ancestral home of the apple, and the wild Malus sieversii, now considered to be a likely candidate for the ancestor of the modern domestic apple, originates from the area around Almaty. Coincidentaly, the world's largest apple is also located in Almaty, but unfortunately "Apport" became a part of history. 

22.The price of fame

Dr. Lindbrow from Florida State University has written a book called “The price of Fame”. He wrote that the idea of the “celebrity” developed in the USA in the 1920^th with radio, cinema and magazines. Singers, sports stars, film stars and other famous people are followed by huge crowds fans, screaming, pushing some of them went crazy. They became much bigger today with mass media. This happens in every country all over the world. Some people’s ambition is to become famous.

Celebrities can get enormous amount of money. Superstars can demand huge contracts, other celebrities can also make future from advertising. For example sportsmen make literally millions of dollars from advertising sports clothes, drinks, cars etc.

But celebrities apart from being paid a lot of money and leading the life of the rich, have to pay for their fame a very high price.

Apart from media famous people’s fans follow them everywhere. John Lennon, the guitarist and singer of the Beatles was murdered by one of his fans. Celebrities suffer from a lot of stress. Many of them are greater risk or have died young. They have no right to privacy. Once you are famous, people expect you to be successful all life. But fame and money not always bring happiness. 

23.A person I admire

My sister is called Dinara. She is sixteen and she lives with her family in flat in Almaty city. It’s a big and new flat. She studies at the college of Chinese language. In the free time she likes to walk with her friends. She likes different meals, such as fast food, kazakh cuisine, home’s meals. She hates to clean home and do homework. She is lazy. She watches Turkish soap operas. Her favorite films are romantic comedies, detectives.

 Dinara has got long wavy, brown dark hair and clear, big brown dark eyes. She is medium height and has a slim figure. She is a very beautiful girl. In fact, she has more admirers. She’ s also generous and helpful, but sometimes she’s nervous.

My sister is sociable, so she has a lot of friends. Her friends respect my sister, because she is so helpful and kind. But she is so lazy. For example, she hates to do washing-up. Moreover she is persistent. She often seeks what she wants. In spite of we live in different cities and we meet very seldom, I love her very much. And when I come in Almaty, I spend more time with my favorite sister. 

12.The ways of exploring the world

Ways of exploring change in the course of time. Previously they were confined to reading books and meeting other people. For centuries the poorly developed transport did not allow people to travel freely. Although technical progress of today has made our planet a small world, books remain our main guide into the world of the unknown. They help people to learn about the world. They recount about a lot of things and events of the past, the present and the future. Nowadays young people derive information about arts and sciences not only from books but from the Internet as well. The Internet is the wonder of our time. With its help people get any information they need. The Internet, the global communication system, breaks the traditional notions of space and time. People can move anywhere they want in a twinkle of an eye. TV, radio and newspapers also help people to explore the world. The most ancient way of exploring the world is travelling. But unlike in the past today people travel far more than they ever used to. It is very useful to visit new places and meet new people. Travelling is the best way of learning foreign languages. Travelling is my favourite way of exploring the world. I think that the most impressive was the trip to Great Britain a year ago.