Шпаргалка по "История английского языка"

40. His teacher let him bring his umbrella into the classroom.

41. We had better run or we'll be late for the lecture.

42. Mrs. Brown can't get used to working for this firm.

43. Kathy suggested driving to the village, but Linda objected to going out on such a rainy day.

44.1 can't imagine being married   to    him.    I    think   I    deserve to have someone better.

45. Charles is not used to getting up early in the morning.

46. Jake used to work for Microsoft Company but now he works for Daimler-Benz.

47. I'm sorry; I never mean to cause offence.

48. After a couple of hours Emma and Sam stopped to have a break.

49. I'll never forget travelling around Japan.

50. Charles has no intention of disobeying orders, whatever happens.

51. I have difficulty to understand this rule.

52. Mary felt it wasn't worth making an effort.

53. I couldn't help laughing at Sue's haircut.

54. Kevin regrets not to have spoken to my aunt before she left.

55. Kate advised consulting a lawyer.

56. When Alan went to Britain he found it difficult to get used to driving on the left-hand side of the road.

57. Julian's car urgently needs repairing.

58. Martha regrets loosing contact with Fred

Participle

1. She stayed to locked in her room, to refusing to come downstairs.

2. He had a good practical knowledge of the language, having worked as an interpreter for many years.

3. They went out as they had corrie, seeing nobody and being seen by no one on their way.

4. Except for the grand piano anfd the pianist sitting before it, the stage was empty.

5. He looked so beautiful and peaceful, sitting in that chair under the tree.

6. He looked at the scene shaken to the depth of his heart.

7. The boy came out of the water, Jill blue and shaking from head to foot.

8. Arriving at the airport where he was to change, he had to wait for three hours for the connection.

9. Having arrived in the town about twenty years before, he had succeeded thereafter beyond his wildest expectations.

10. Supported by her elbow, Mary listened to their talk.

11. Supporting her by his arm, he helped her out of the carnage.

12. The girl was fascinated by the; dark surface of the water reflecting the stars. !

13. The young foliage of the trees, reflected in the river, looked like

lace.

14.1 saw the figure of an old woman coming towards me.

15. My brother is a soldier has just come back home on leave.

.16. He retired leaving the laboratory in the hands of a talented successor,

17. He retired having turned the laboratory into a big research centre.

18. Finishing their meal, they went for a stroll in the park.

19. Having looked through the paper, he; gave it to the secretary to be typed.

20. The room had a musty smell as though not lived in for quite a time.

21. My father hates being disturbed |when engaged in some kind of work.

22. He always keeps a diary while travelling.

23. He recoiled as if expecting a blow.

24. Dining and to puffing leisurely at their cigars, the men were engaged in a desultory conversation.

25. Returning home and seeing his parents worried he asked what the matter was.

26. He introduced me to a friend of his, who had recently arrived after a cruise round Europe.

27. Plunging in thought, he didn't seem to notice what was going on around him.

28. Having plunged headlong into his enterprise, he was now desperately looking for a way out of it.

29. "I like it here", she said, seating herself at the table nearest to the window.

30. The boys on the fence looked like swallows perching on a telegraph

wire.

subjunctive

1. It was arranged that the police should evacuate the population of the town by the

15th.      

2. It was arranged that the population of the town should be evacuated by the 15th

3. It was ordered that no ship should leave the harbours before daybreak.

4. It's not int he least important that you should know the exact dates, it's enough that yoг should have a general idea of the period when the plays were written.

5. It is advisable that the obligations you now are taking upon yourself should be realized in full.

6. It is advisable that you should fully realize the obligations you now are taking upon yourself.

1. It is important that the meeting should take place tonight.

8. It was finally arranged that the postman should deliver the pamphlet along with the morning mail.

9. It was finally arranged that the pamphlet should be delivered by the postman along with the morning mail.

10. I thought it necessary that somebody should interfere.

11. We find it highly desirable that you should know all the particulars.

12. I believe it desirable that each girl could type and make notes.

13. The headmaster considers it important that you should know each child by his or her name.

14. The head teacher feels it of great importance that the parents' meeting should take place tonight.

15. Do you believe it necessary that he should drive a car?

16. Do they find it really important that we should know the exact dates?

17.1 consider it desirable that you should have a general idea of the period when the plays were written.

18. They were afraid lest all their attempts should be frustrated.

19. It is time you understood it is no joking matter.

20. It’s high time you changed your opinion of him.

21. You are not a child. It's time you felt some responsibility.

22. It is about high time the weather to set in.

23. She sat huddled in the armchair as if the last energy had left her.

24. They talked as if they had known each other for ever so many years and this were not the first time they met.

25. She seemed greatly surprised as though she had never seen anything of that kind before.

26. They spoke about the book as though they themselves were the authors of

it and had written many others.

27. He felt awkward as if everyone were looking at him.  

28. He looked as if he had been going to say something but had changed his mind.

29. The leaves of the book were so yellow and worn out that it seemed as if it

had been published a hundred years ago.

30. It was as though nothing had happened. 

31. She never mentioned her wish that they should leave her free to follow her own inclination.

32. She never mentioned her wish that she should be left free to follow her own inclination.

33. After all we can't ignore their demand that the government should consider the

agreement void.

34. After all we can't ignore their demand that the agreement should be considered void.

35.1'm sure that lie has made the arrangement that the police should interview her

only after the event.

36.I'm sure that lie has made the arrangement that she should be interviewed only after the event.

37. The captain gave order that the miners should blow off the bridge.

38. The captain gave order that the bridge should be blowed off.

39. We applaud and support the appeal issued by Bishop Hudlestone and his urge that African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela should be free.

40. Mother expressed her wish that I should spend the summer at my aunt's and I had to obey.

41.1 had to obey to my mother's wish that I should be spent to my aunt's for the summer.

42. Mr.Wareign, MP for Liverpool WesXEtexby, has written to the Prime Minister demanding that the Government should act as quickly on this issue as it responded to the Falklands crisis.

43. He strictly recommended tha we should memorize the text.

44. He strictly recommended that the text should be memorized

45. Do you suggest that we should give up the idea?

46. Do you suggest that the idea should be given up?

47. He insisted that nobody should touch anything on his working table.

48. He ordered that nothing should be touched on the table.

49.  I don't insist that уоu should it now, only that it should be done.

50. She promised to arrange that mother should come and sit with the baby.

51. They requested that exercises should be based on texts rather than on separate sentences.

52.1f only it were smaller, without the suggestion of a curve just below the hollow o£ the- eyes.

53.1f only he took it less hard.

54.1f only I could get used to the idea of marrying a Brasilia.

55. They would much rather fight among themselves, finding it no doubt moore pleasurable, and with fewer casualties.

56. Pop had better go and get her on the blower.

57. You had better run end put your dress on, dear.

58. You had better have it back now.

59. You had better put a sweater on.

60. You had better get up.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1)People and modern technologies

By the end of 20th century humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the surface of the Earth for the first time and explore space.

Technology is a broad concept that deals with the usage and knowledge of tools and crafts, and how it affects the ability to control and adapt to the environment. In human society, it is a consequence of science and engineering, although several technological advances predate the two concepts.

People's use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact on a global scale. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes; the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.

Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment.

Philosophical debates have arisen over the present and future use of technology in society, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Until recently, it was believed that the development of technology was restricted only to human beings, but recent scientific studies indicate that other primates and certain dolphin communities have developed simple tools and learned to pass their knowledge to other generations.

2)Happiness….What makes you happy??? 

When we see laughing people with an absolutely unworried look,who just try to enjoy the simplicity of life ,we would probably say,how happy they all might be.But what exactly cause the happiness,what do people need to smile and just to be satisfied from their goal?!

According to James Stewart<Happiness is not having what you want but wanting what you have>that should mean,to enjoy things we have.But how to compel yourself to like it,if you are not satisfied with it,if you want to change smth but you`re not able to do it,it seems to be a depression and anxiety.

Some type of people might thing that affluent are happier,they can afford themselves everything,they should not think about all daily life problems,like to pay for bills or to think about credits and so on.But even having everything you could see life as a tragedy,cause mostly, people always try to get smth the other can`t have,to get things which are better and more expensive.All that provoke a feeling of envy,bad mood.It can`t also be the right way of happiness.

Research has shown that people have two basic reward centers in their brains,which are stimulated by two different chemicals,that probably cause the happiness.

The dopamine is triggered by activities like exercise,relaxion and pleasure,it provokes a response of passive happiness,like reading books,painting..

The adrenaline chemicals are triggered by exciting and frighting activities,it provokes the high energy state of happiness,for example Bungi jumping,mountains climbing or driving fast…

The scientific study of happiness explains that people tend to think about all the things they want and do not mention how good their life is.Sometimes it is useful to do smth completely absorbing,so to push up yourself to the limit of your ability,to do smth for the pleasure of doing it,not looking for praise.The key to happiness may lie in having an active and challenging lifestyle in trying to keep the brain busy not with worries but with smth we would really enjoy..

3)How I feel about music 

People cannot live without music. They listen to music, dance to music and learn to play musical instruments. There is music at home, over the radio and on TV, in the concert halls, in the streets and parks, in the shops, at the seaside, so it is everywhere.

Music is not combination of pleasant sounds only. First of all, it is an art which reflects life. Music reflects people’s ideas. Mood and emotions. In this world of ours, filled with conflicts, joys and hopes, music strives to speak to people of what is most important, urgent and vital.

Music in the lives of different people is different: some compose music, others play music, and others only listen to it. Moreover, if children are capable and fond of music, they can study at music schools for seven years. A lot of people who cannnot play any musical instrument love to listen to music either at home or at a concert.

Different people like different kinds of music. You may prefer pop or rock music, country or folk music, classical music or jazz, but you certainly cannot think of a day without music.

As for me, I’ve got no preferences in music. I can listen to any music style. It just depends on my mood. Nevertheless, I try to watch all the programmes dealing with music on TV and to go to the concerts as soon as possible. 
 

4)Nature Protection ( idle man)

Every year new factories, plants and power stations are built in the world. The human species becomes more powerful, its influence on the environment grows. We become witnesses to the fact that our activity changes the face of the world. It can be said that the idea of human responsibility for the preservation of nature and environmental protection has developed within the recent 40-50 years when negative results of our economy have become only too obvious. First smog, then acid rains, air and water pollution, global warming and such ecological catastrophes as Chernobyl disaster became dangerous symptoms that showed everybody that the nature is sick and we are the reason for it.

The people realized that our planet is our only home and we are obliged to save it and preserve for the next generations. These ideas have already brought positive results: powerful public organizations for environmental protection have appeared. The most famous of them is “Greenpeace”. They press governments to approve legislation to protect the nature.

Information about the real situation in this sphere becomes especially important. People must know how many lakes and rivers have been polluted, what factories bring harmful substances to the air we breathe and what countries do not pass laws which are necessary for the protection of the nature.

But all this is a global level. Even more important is a personal understanding that we are responsible for the world we live in. Every piece of waste on the street makes big problems, because if millions people do the same thing, our earth will become a big rubbish pit. There are a lot of things that any person can and must do. We can clean our streets and pars; we can plant trees and flowers in our big cities. And we must never forget: when we protect nature we protect the mankind. 

5)Keeping fit/Healthy lifestyle

Nowadays our life is getting more and more tense. People live under the press of different problems. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties. Keeping fit is important at all ages. Fitness is the key to your physical health and to enable you to live happily. Regular exercise can increase energy levels, release stress and make you feel good about yourself. At least everybody must do morning exercises every day. The most healthy kinds of sports are swimming, running and cycling. There are a lot of another convenient ways to stay fit and fine. Surprisingly enough, by making minor changes in your schedule, you might find a few extra minutes to make a quick trip to the gym, go for a jog or just walking about 1 hour a day. Physical activity is the best thing you can do for your health, when it combined with healthy eating. Food is also a very important  factor. The daily menu should include meat, fruit and vegetables, milk product, fat, proteins and etc. Drinking a lot of water during the day  is also very healthful. On the other hand modern diets are very popular, but it may be harmful, if they are used in the wrong way. To be healthy, people should also get rid of their bad habits. It is necessary to stop smoking and drinking much. Everybody should remember that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain. In addition, it is recommended to watch TV less, avoid anxiety and observe daily routine. Sometimes, it is hard to follow all recommendations but every person has to choose between healthy lifestyle and numerous illnesses.